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Lubricants, including oil and grease, are used in various mechanical elements to reduce the friction generated in rubbing parts and prevent surface damage, such as wear, seizure, and peeling. This chapter describes the fundamentals from a lubrication perspective that should be known in order to prevent fretting wear. Unlike normal wear, fretting wear occurs when two surfaces facing each other oscillate minutely. Therefore, understanding the lubrication mechanism in such nonsteady states can lead to the prevention of fretting wear. According to the literature, oil and grease lubrication adopt completely different approaches for preventing fretting wear. Here, we first describe the mechanism of oil film formation under minute oscillation in oil lubrication and then explain the approach used for reducing fretting wear in grease lubrication in comparison with that used in oil lubrication.